Wednesday, September 9, 2009

User Recommendations for Pricing Management

What SAP Gets via Partnerships:As explained in Applications Giants Bolster Their Pricing Management Capabilities in retail, pricing and profit optimization are analytic applications that analyze demand patterns and optimize pricing by each stock-keeping unit (SKU) by selling location in order to optimize revenue and gross margins. In a bid to meet the growing demands of the price management market, SAP has entered another partnership, this time with Vendavo. The benefits SAP will gain from this partnership are similar to those previously held by SAP—which have often resulted SAP acquiring its partner. Past partnerships-turned-acquisition have included TopTier and TopManage for a portal and small business applications, respectively (see SAP Acquires TopTier to Further Broaden Its Horizons); A2i for product content management (PCM) and master data management (MDM) capabilities, see SAP Bolsters NetWeaver's MDM Capabilities; Part Four: SAP and A2i); and Lighthammer to deliver enhanced connectivity between the plant floor and the enterprise (see Has SAP Nailed the Plant Level Leadership with Lighthammer?).

Part Three of the Applications Giants Bolster Their Pricing Management Capabilities series.

Vendavo has long been a strategic marketing and development partner of SAP. It has an industry-centric pricing product, which is delivered as an SAP xApp-like composite application. Consequently, the SAP and Vendavo product roadmaps are jointly developed and synchronized, and both vendors are collaborating with customers to avoid duplicating effort and overlapping functionality, and to provide more seamless integration.

Through this partnership, SAP immediately gains workflow-based price execution capabilities, and both vendors have plans to jointly expand into price optimization. In addition to remedying the performance and scalability of embedded Vendavo solutions (currently, the 32-bit Vendavo product architecture limits the historical data size that customers can import to evaluate the transactions' profit) there are other improvements reportedly in the works. For example, the ability to handle multiple pricing waterfall definitions for different business units, in a single instance of product, is also being improved.

Furthermore, a high percentage of Vendavo clients are also SAP clients, which should help SAP manage their expectations. Additionally, the improved price execution functionality should make SAP more competitive in non-SAP environments too. SAP has a solid native price execution functionality for administering prices once they are determined, but has no optimization functionality and only limited enforcement capabilities.

For an extensive discussion of the issue of pricing management see The Case for Pricing Management and The Rise of Price Management.

Also see The Retail Battleground for Pricing Management for further discussion of the justification for pursuing the acquisition strategy.
SAP Responds to Customers Demand:Although the price enforcement functionality is largely based on analytics and workflow, which are both provided by the SAP NetWeaver stack, developing the pricing know-how seemed apparently daunting even to the mighty SAP. Reseller deals are unusual for SAP, which usually prefers to develop its intellectual property in-house. The only similar deal that comes to mind would be the agreement with Virsa for the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliant software (see Joining the Sarbanes-Oxley Bandwagon; Meeting the Needs of Small and Medium Businesses). It might be interesting to note that SAP has just recently acquired Virsa.

SAP has repeatedly stated that when its customers ask it to incorporate new functionality into its product suite, the vendor will consider making partnerships or acquisitions to meet these needs. Although that approach might sometimes conflict with its strategy to attract a vast independent software vendor (ISV) development community within the NetWeaver environment, it is nonetheless quite clear that SAP is dedicating a significant amount of resources to the NetWeaver concept, since what drives SAP is the desire to sell NetWeaver licenses, and its portal and integration technology.

But, the competition is not going to sit still and wait for Vendavo and SAP to deliver their algorithmic price optimization capabilities, especially for specialty chemicals customers whose needs are growing in this area. There are many competitors out there, but only some have broader price management solutions that do not require harrowing customizations and claim to have credible customers in the chemical industry. Of these are PROS Pricing Solutions, pVelocity, Metreo, and Zilliant.
Ultimately, this move into pricing management is good news for the respective customers of Vendavo, Khimetrics, ProfitLogic, SAP, and Oracle, particularly those that seek to improve their pricing processes and exchange relevant information with business partners that are not necessarily SAP or Oracle shops. These announcements may also come in handy for SAP and Oracle customers looking for a pricing solution, and it should generate increased confidence about vendor viability for many Vendavo, Khimetrics,or ProfitLogic customers. They should immediately explore how the tight integration into the application stack via SAP NetWeaver or Oracle Fusion Middleware might benefit them. SAP and Oracle should take the acquired products' integration relatively judiciously, while being careful to preserve and build on the formerly independent products' successes in order to allow the right balance of autonomy and embedding to evolve.

SAP and Oracle users evaluating price management solutions, especially if they are comfortable with NetWeaver and Fusion and are in process or retail industries, should seriously consider the added products. Nevertheless Khimetrics and ProfitLogic customers or prospects with no SAP or Oracle products, or those that do not plan to engage these vendors should not automatically rule out Khimetrics and ProfitLogic. Since their functionality will become SAP- or Oracle-centric down the track, customers or prospects should also consider other pricing providers, some of which are also SAP partners like DemandTec. Retailers should contractually compel the acquiring vendors to support these pricing products as separate applications for the foreseeable future, and achieve favorable deals if they want to implement other SAP or Oracle products.

In other industries, users should evaluate different options, keeping in mind the vertical industry's savvy and fit, along with the vendors' commitment to industry and technology standards. If vendors claim to focus on a certain industry, prospective customers should add them to their long list and look at them first. Users should ask these vendors why they feel they can do a better job, and should look for the vendors' understanding of the industry's revenue, its cost and profit drivers, and the product features that take will take these factors into consideration. Asking for industry-specific references goes without saying. If vendors do not exist for a particular vertical, or if an adequate reason is given for not using a vertical vendor, then a horizontal or cross-industry pricing vendor might be appropriate. Also, expertise of the professional services team delivers more vertical distinction than the software itself, but with a sizable price tag.

In general, almost every company can benefit from a pricing solution and improved pricing practices, and should approach the management of selling prices and increases with the same rigor they use to curb upstream supply chain and manufacturing costs. On its own, price management might improve revenue (by a few percent) and gross margin (even by an umpteen percent), but the truly amazing benefits will only come when price management is integrated with the appropriate cost information and demand management system. Companies that can shape demand through price changes should focus on a combination of price optimization and price enforcement, whereas the other companies might want to start with price enforcement first. Thus, avant-garde companies are turning their focus toward price management, while their direct competitors are feeling the pressure to embark on their own pricing management deployments. A litmus test to gauge whether thee solution is needed is to ascertain how long it takes to process a special pricing request. This will determine how convoluted the pricing approval workflow is. How long salespeople spend looking up, inquiring about, and communicating prices should also be determined.
As price management is still an emerging and highly fragmented space, selecting vendors based on their viability is not possible, because the space will consolidated. Thus, seeking appetizing projects with a proven payback and proof of concept are advised. It is also advisable to seek an on-demand deployment, where possible. Since price execution functionality, such as price list management, discount management, price configuration, etc. is delivered through enterprise resource planning (ERP) functions and data, it is essential that the selected price management product can be easily integrated with tools like MDM, to achieve immaculate order-to-cash execution processes.

In reality, not all businesses are ready to benefit from profit/pricing optimization, but all these products and services are driven by information that comes from the users' existing systems or can economically be generated. Pricing/profit optimization is not magic. It starts with information and if users do not have the right information, they will not get the right result. Typically a few years of data history is needed to "prime" the system (meaning lots of data capturing, quality testing, and interaction with the vendor), but, some companies will still make errors about data they do not have, which brings us back to the need to balance pricing with demand management and consumer research to gauge, for example, whether the consumers feel the last price hike was justified.

Applications Giants Bolster Their Pricing Management Capabilities

Almost all companies need to manage selling prices and potential price increases with the same firmness used to manage manufacturing and procurement costs. Traditional enterprise applications providers, having lacked the pertinent native capabilities and intellectual property to aid in this domain, are now moving to oblige their customers in various industries. For an extensive discussion of the issue of pricing management see The Case for Pricing Management and The Rise of Price Management.

Thus it is a small wonder that, despite the many acquisitions and the impending consolidation of the market, there is still a plethora of vendors that handle only pieces of the price management puzzle and have expertise in a certain set of industries and niches. For instance, large enterprise applications providers might have pricing tools that use business rules for different discounts for client classes, but these tools' cumbersome pricing lists and information require significant manipulation and effort to turn them into viable sell-side strategies.

Conversely, some specialist pricing vendors focus on capabilities like price visibility, and provide a dashboard to show how well or poorly current pricing is doing, while others do price optimization and planning, or offer methods for setting a better price.

The following is a list of several pure-play vendors (some which have recently been acquired) that have carved out certain niches in the pricing space.
Vendor Niche
DemandTec Retail merchandize pricing and promotions.
KhiMetrics (now part of SAP AG [NYSE: SAP]) Grocery and general merchandise pricing, promotions, markdowns, demand forecasting, and demand intelligence.
Manugistics Expanded into many industries' pricing provision, after the acquisition of airline and hospitality pricing specialist Talus in 2000. See Manugistics Lays Groundwork for Talus Integration.
pVelocity Profit management for process manufacturers. It supports a combination of customer segmentation and offers profitability analyses of the manufacturing process for each product. It also aligns corporate profitability by making price enforcement tools available to both manufacturing and sales personnel. pVelocity also focuses on "profit velocity"—the profit/time ration of a product or piece of equipment, along with a planning tool to adjust throughput rates as a what-if scenario tool.
Metreo Price optimization and price enforcement functionality for manufacturing and distribution companies with complex transactions and a high volume of data.
ProfitLogic (now part of Oracle) Soft goods and apparel markdown pricing.
PROS Revenue Management A veteran energy and airlines price optimization provider, with advanced capabilities across all the above three areas of price management
Maxager

Mining and power industries pricing, and also in process industries, in terms of profit velocity and optimization of profit across the plant.

Rapt Price optimization in multiple industries
SAS A business intelligence (BI) giant now has price, promotion and markdown optimization suite in supermarket and other fast-moving retail segments due to the acquisition of Marketmax a few years ago. (See SAS and Action-Oriented Business Processes: Alliances, Partnerships, and Acquisitions)
Lawson Software A prominent enterprise resource planning (ERP) provider with some retail pricing capabilities, after the acquisition of Numbercraft in 2003. (See Lawson's Approach to the Retail Market.)
Revenue Technologies A price enforcement provider in multiple industries.
Selectica The leader in order configuration and pricing.
Azerity A high-tech/electronics products price execution and enforcement provider.
Vendavo Price analytics and execution in chemicals, mills, gas, and oil, and high-tech sectors
Zilliant Originally a price analytics and optimization vendor, which has recently branched out into price enforcement and price execution for manufacturing and distribution sectors), to name only some.

These pricing management brand names have recognizable clients, though not all are willing to publicly vouch for their providers. Namely, when user companies find some pricing success they are reluctant to talk about it, largely in an effort to preserve their "best kept secret". However, when projects fail or underachieve, much grumbling and demand for concessions are heard.

This is Part One of a three-part note.

What are SAP and Oracle Doing?Marshaling the most complete retail industry systems is one of the latest battlegrounds between Oracle and SAP. Early in 2005, after some tug-of-war, Oracle outbid SAP for Retek, a specialist vendor of retail merchandizing management software. Then in mid 2005, Oracle added to its retail functionality by acquiring ProfitLogic, a niche vendor of merchandize pricing and profit optimization software with strength in specialty goods and apparel markdowns. Then in early 2006, Oracle acquired 360Commerce, a premier provider of store and workforce management solutions (most likely to counteract SAP's Triversity move) and TempoSoft for its retail workforce optimization capabilities.

For more information on the scope of retail management systems, see Retail Systems: A Primer and Retail Market Dynamics for Software Vendors.

As detailed in The Case for Pricing Management, pricing is a complex process, and this is particularly true in retail. In this sector, a thorough understanding of the numerous interdependent variables that drive demand, such as seasonality, price elasticity, cross-elasticity between items, and inventory presentation, are critical to making profitable pricing decisions. To that end, Oracle Retail Price Optimization (whose functionality largely comes from former ProfitLogic) provides merchants and price analysts with customer demand insight and optimization. These functionalities enhance the pricing process by enabling retailers to provide the right products at the right prices, to promote products to drive sales, and clear them profitably, while providing more space for fresh, full-price merchandise.

Some targeted capabilities that should allow users to sharpen their pricing policies and drive higher profits include the ability to

* Determine key items based on true customer market-basket drivers;
* Consider key demand drivers such as price elasticity, seasonality, cross-elasticity, and targeted price elasticity models at the item and store level;
* Predict "drag along" revenue and margin for each key item at the store level;
* Recommend the exact minimum relative price gap need to compete effectively for each store or key-item;
* Predict the whole-store revenue and margin impact of a key item price change;
* Provide what-if decision support to simulation options prior to executing the strategy; and
* Assess the impact of competitive price changes.

However, recent moves by SAP might jumpstart a more comprehensive and pervasive adoption of price management solutions (in several industries), which is particularly relevant givenn that price management solutions certainly needs a major boost marketing awareness and product development investment. Last November, Vendavo and SAP announced that SAP will offer a more comprehensive solution for price and margin management by reselling Vendavo's price management software suite to its customers within manufacturing industries, such as chemicals, high tech, and oil and gas. The new solution, which is "Powered by SAP NetWeaver" certified, will complement and enhance the price execution capabilities of mySAP ERP and mySAP Customer Relationship Management (mySAP CRM) with real-time, sophisticated pricing analytics, a framework for price setting and policy management. Also, there will be interactive negotiation capabilities to recommend, negotiate, and evaluate prices and terms on sales agreements. Sold under the name SAP Price and Margin Management (SAP PMM) by Vendavo, the solution is generally available. SAP is initially targeting the chemicals, high tech, and oil and gas industries, but it anticipates addressing a much broader set of industries in future release cycles.

Vendavo and SAP's strong partnership is supported by a growing number of Fortune 500 customers that are willing to talk about their experiences, thereby giving the vendor and the pricing execution concept a much needed "shot in the arm" which will help strengthen this market. Vendavo currently claims about twenty customers, where about two thirds' of these are common customers with SAP, such as Hexion Specialty Chemicals, BP Petrochemicals, Georgia-Pacific Co., and Eastman Chemical Co. Some other publicly named chemical customers include Borden Chemical, Honeywell Specialty Materials, Chemtura Corporation, and NOVA Chemicals. Many of these have reportedly increased their net margins significantly by solving a broad range of pricing challenges that include managing strategic pricing initiatives, such as creating and executing custom pricing based on a specific customer' purchase history or strategic importance. They have also been able set list prices, manage price lists, control margin leakage, negotiate and manage contracts, price quotes, track pricing performance and customer compliance, and communicate prices across the organization.

To that end, Vendavo solutions have to integrate well with other mission-critical, customer-facing processes and applications. The vendor has thus worked with SAP for more than three years and it takes great pride in the seamless integration of its solutions and in the strength of its Powered by SAP NetWeaver certification and partnership (which currently means that Vendavo uses SAP's Web Application Server, BI, Enterprise Portal and Exchange Infrastructure [XI] components of SAP NetWeaver). But now, customers will be able to license a comprehensive, fully-integrated price and margin management software solution from a single source—SAP.

On the other hand, SAP cites that the relationship with Vendavo is a prime example of how the "gentle" giant meets specific customer needs by leveraging the independent software vendor (ISV) partner ecosystem, called SAP's Industry Value Network (IVN) to complement and extend SAP solution offerings by filling the "white space and red space" in its industry product roadmaps. It might be interesting to note that it was the SAP Chemicals Industry Business Unit (IBU) that has also long sensed the rising demand for adaptive manufacturing (plant-level visibility). As a result, it struck a partnership with Lighthammer that subsequently resulted in its acquisition and the delivery of SAP xApp for Manufacturing Integration and Intelligence (SAP xMII). For more information, see Has SAP Nailed The Plant Level Leadership With Lighthammer?

What Vendavo Contributes:At this stage, Vendavo can certainly help with graphical and interactive price execution and enforcement capabilities. It bases the SAP PMM approach on three core elements—insight, guidance, and empowerment. Insight, or the Vendavo Profit Analyzer module provides "on-the-fly" pricing analytics for business decision makers, so that they can understand every component that drives pricing performance. The module features capabilities, like price waterfalls; price and margin bands; scatter plots; comparisons; indexing; time series and trending; statistical analyses and regressions; performance driver analyses; etc.

To illustrate, the product breaks prices into its most important factors. Along with the price of the product, it also includes shipping and payment terms, delivery time, customized engineering, etc. When a salesperson fills a template with the terms of a specific deal, he or she is able to see some flagged anomalies, for example, such as that free shipping is only applicable for orders worth more than $10,000. On the other hand, managers are able to set up workflow-based resolutions (approvals) of these situations to stop profit leakages.

Guidance, or the Vendavo Price Manager module, provides price setting and policy guidance to drive more profitable decision-making, with the aim of consistent direction and the proper amount of control of prices and policies across the entire business—including business units, product lines, market segments, geographies, channels, etc. While the goal is to maximize the price, enterprises have to first focus on having a clearer rationale why each price element is set in certain way. Equality becomes the focus, and any outliers are eliminated. To that end, the module can manage multiple price lists, set analysis-driven prices and policies, perform mass price updates, maintain pricing policies, export prices to ERP systems, create Microsoft Excel-based price books, route price and policy change requests, etc. Another important factor is that SAP PMM can handle mass price updates to SAP. Consequently, many customers have reportedly gotten significant payback from improving billing accuracy.

Last but not least, Empowerment, or the Vendavo Deal Manager module provides price negotiation capabilities to make every transaction more profitable in every aspects of the deal, such as price, volume, terms of sale, etc. The product can compare multiple pricing scenarios, analyze these against benchmarks and peer groups, and develop win-win proposals with tradeoffs and suggestions. It can also track contractual commitments and purchase deliveries, leverage competitive win/loss information, and get context-specific target and floor prices. Additionally it can manage configuration- and formula-based pricing, and route proposals via relevant workflow approvals. All these modules can also handle multiple currencies and units of measure (UOMs).